In this way, doctors can see where the bleeding is coming from. A special dye is injected into the bloodstream and X-rays are taken which show up the blood vessels (called angiography). In this case a procedure known as angiography with embolisation may be used. Very rarely, the above treatments do not stop the bleeding. A combination of these treatments may be used.This medication causes closure (constriction) of the bleeding blood vessels thus stopping the bleeding Adrenaline (epinephrine) may be injected around the bleeding point.A heater probe may be passed down the side channel of the endoscope to apply a heat source to the bleeding blood vessels, to stop the bleeding.A band can be used to tie off a bleeding blood vessel.The tear can be repaired, or closed, using special metal clips passed via the side channel.A number of different treatments are available including: If the tear is still bleeding, treatment to stop the bleeding is usually given during the gastroscopy. If the Mallory-Weiss tear is still bleeding In many cases the bleeding has stopped by the time gastroscopy takes place. Management will depend on whether the Mallory-Weiss tear is still bleeding when the gastroscopy is carried out. If people do not show any signs of ongoing bleeding and their condition is stable, they may not be admitted to hospital but may be followed up as an outpatient. Medication may be given to help with symptoms of feeling sick (nausea) or being sick (vomiting). Blood pressure and pulse rate will be closely watched so that the medical staff can check the response to any treatment.īlood tests will usually be carried out - for example, to check for anaemia (to see how much blood has been lost because of the bleeding) and to check that the blood is clotting normally. Sometimes a transfusion of blood may be given. If a lot of blood has been lost, fluids may be given into the veins (intravenously). The first thing that doctors and nurses will do if they suspect Mallory-Weiss syndrome is to make sure that the person's condition is stable. What is the treatment for Mallory-Weiss syndrome? They will also be able to see if the tear is still bleeding. The endoscope also has a side channel down which various instruments can pass in order to be used by the operator.įor further details see the separate leaflet called Gastroscopy (Endoscopy).Ī gastroscopy allows the operator to see if a Mallory-Weiss tear is present in the gut lining, as well as its location. The tip of the endoscope contains a light and a tiny video camera so the operator can see inside the gut. The endoscope is passed through the mouth, into the gullet (oesophagus) and down towards the stomach and duodenum. An endoscope is a thin, flexible telescope which is about as thick as a little finger. Mallory-Weiss syndrome is usually diagnosed by having a gastroscopy (sometimes known as an endoscopy or an OGD - oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy).Ī gastroscopy is a test where a clinician looks into the upper part of the gut using an endoscope. Medical attention should be sought quickly with the above symptoms. About 5% of cases of bleeding from the upper part of the gut are caused by a Mallory-Weiss tear. See the separate leaflet called Vomiting Blood (Haematemesis) for more details. For example, a stomach ulcer, stomach inflammation (gastritis) or inflammation of the gullet (oesophagus). Note: there are many other conditions that can lead to vomiting blood. Dizziness and light-headedness due to the blood loss.Severe pain in the upper part of the tummy (abdomen).Dark black or tarry-coloured foul-smelling stools (faeces) - this is known as melaena and is caused by blood from the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract changing as it moves through the lower part.Most people have just a small amount of bleeding but sometimes there can be a lot of blood lost. The amount of bleeding (and so blood vomited as a result) varies from person to person. ![]() This will often happen after a bout of normal retching or vomiting. Most people with Mallory-Weiss syndrome will bring up (vomit) an amount of bright red blood. What are the symptoms of Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
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